Siberia tourism

Siberia (Russian: Сибирь, Cibir) is a large and elaborate land area, which is almost complete in North Asia. This is the central and eastern part of Russia. By the year 1991 it used to be part of the Soviet Union. The area of ​​Siberia is 131 million square kilometers. For comparison, the area of ​​entire India is 32.8 million sq km, i.e. Siberia is almost four times more than India. Still, the weather and geography of Siberia are so strong that only 40 million people live here, which was the only state of Orissa in 2011.

Most of the straps in Eurasia (plain grassland) come from Siberia. Siberia extends from the Ural mountains in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east and to the north-west ocean (Arctic Ocean) in the north. Its boundaries in the south are from Kazakhstan, Mongolia and China.

History
Approximately 25 to 50 million years ago (i.e. long before humans emerged on Earth), there were terrible volcanic eruptions in many areas of Siberia, which lasted for about one million years. It is believed that the breed of 90% of the organisms on Earth was killed due to them.  The Siberian Plateau's land is made of lava that is grown in the explosions.

Signs of human presence in Siberia are approximately 40,000 years old. Over time, many species have been settled or produced, including Yanat, Nanat, Avenk, Hun, Skithi and Uighur. In 13th century Mongolia was captured on Siberia, and in the 14th century an independent Siberian Sultanate was established. The Yakut settlers settled near the Bayak lake by the pressure of Mongols settled on the north. [2] Here, Mongols used to attack the West towards Russia by their bases. Russia's power began to grow in the 16th century and they started spreading to the east. The first merchant and ace-decked soldier arrived in Siberia, and the Russian army came behind them and started making bases and wood forts here. By the middle of the 17th century, Russian control had reached the Pacific Ocean. In 1709, the total Russian population of Siberia was 2,30,000.

By the end of the 19th century, Siberia remained an area of ​​backward and very low population. Here the royal government of Russia used to send his political prisoner, because there could not have been a runaway jail for the I-field spanning thousands of miles. In the period 1891-1916, the trans-Siberian railroad was connected, which added Siberia to Russia's industrial-full west part. Over time, the population of Siberia increased. The biggest economic business here was the removal of metals, coal and other substances from the earth.

In the Soviet era, major bases were built to keep prisoners here, called "gulag". [4] It is estimated that about 1.4 million people were sent to these Gulags. According to the Soviet policy, if any national community in the Soviet Union starts looking at suspicion in a part of the Soviet Union, sometimes more than five lakh prisoners have died in the slogan due to shortage of food during World War II. The whole communities were dispatched and sent to Siberia.

weather
Northern Siberia is a very cold area and the summer season only remains one month. Almost the entire population of Siberia lives in its southern part and lives near the trans-Siberian railroad. In this southern part, winters are hard (January's average temperature is -15 ° C) but at least 4 months of summer season is also where good crop can be grown. In July, the average temperature is 16 ° C and the daytime temperature reaches more than 20 ° C. Here the earth is of special type. It is called chornozem, which in Russian means "black soil" and it is very fertile.

The name of an administrative department of Siberia is the Sakhna republic, in which the lowest temperature in the city of Oyumyakon located at -71.2 ° C has been observed, on the basis of which it is the title of being the world's coldest city.

Population
The average density of population in Siberia is only 4 people per square kilometer. For the comparison, in the 2011 Census, the population of India in Bihar state was 1102 people per sq. Km. Most of the people here are Russians, or people of Ukrainian origin who have adopted the Russian identity. There are also people of about four million German origin in Siberia who have adopted Russian identity. Siberia Russia was formed only after the 17th century and the Russians had only entered this area. Before that, many tribes lived here, whose descendants still live here. These include Burayat, Tawai, Yakut and Siberian Tatar people. The number of burying and yakutas is more than four-four lakhs. There are also small populations of some other tribal castes, such as Ket, Avenk, Chukchi, Koryak, Yukagar, etc.

Northwest Territories of Canada

The Northwest Territories (NT or NWT, French: les Territoires du Nord-Ouest, TNO, Athabaskan languages: Denendeh, Inuinnaqtun: Nunatsiaq, Inuktitut: ᓄᓇᑦᓯᐊᖅ) is a federal territory of Canada. In an area of ​​land of approximately 1,144,000 km2 (442,000 square miles) and a population of 41,462 in 2011, it is the second largest and most populated of the three territories in northern Canada.  Its estimated population as of 2016 is 44,291. [5] Yellowknife became the territorial capital in 1967, following the recommendations of the Carrothers Commission.

The Northwest Territories, a part of the former Northwest Territory, entered the Canadian Confederation on July 15, 1870, but the current borders were formed on April 1, 1999, when the territory was subdivided to create Nunavut to the east, through the Nunavut Law and the Land Claims Agreement of Nunavut. [8] [9] Although Nunavut is primarily Arctic tundra, the Northwest Territories have a slightly warmer climate and are both boreal forest (taiga) and tundra, and their northernmost regions are part of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago.

The Northwest Territories are limited by the other two territories of Canada, Nunavut to the east and Yukon to the west, and by the provinces of British Columbia, Alberta and Saskatchewan to the south.

Etymology
The name is descriptive, adopted by the British government during the colonial era to indicate where it was in relation to Rupert's Land. It is shortened from the Northwest Territory (see History). In Inuktitut, the Northwest Territories are known as ᓄᓇᑦᓯᐊᖅ (Nunatsiaq), "beautiful land".

There was a discussion about changing the name of the Northwest Territories after the separation from Nunavut, possibly to a term of an aboriginal language. One proposal was "Denendeh" (a word from the Athabaskan language meaning "our land"), as defended by former Prime Minister Stephen Kakfwi, among others. One of the most popular proposals for a new name, one to name the territory "Bob", started as a joke, but for a while it was on top or near it in public opinion polls. [11] [12]

In the end, a survey conducted before the division showed that strong support was maintained to maintain the name "Territorios del Noroeste". This name could be said to have become more appropriate after the division than when the territories extended to the north-central and northeastern areas of Canada.

Geography
Located in northern Canada, the territory borders the other two territories of Canada, Yukon to the west and Nunavut to the east, and three provinces: British Columbia to the southwest, and Alberta and Saskatchewan to the south. You may encounter Manitoba in a quadripunto to the extreme southeast, although the surveys have not been completed. It has an area of ​​land of 1,183,085 km2 (456,792 square miles).

Geographical features include Great Bear Lake, the largest lake in its entirety within Canada, and Great Slave Lake, the deepest body of water in North America at 614 m (2,014 ft), as well as the Mackenzie River and the Nahanni canyons Reserve the National Park, a national park and a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. The territorial islands in the Canadian Arctic archipelago include Banks Island, Borden Island, Prince Patrick Island and parts of Victoria Island and Melville Island. Its highest point is Mount Nirvana, near the Yukon border, at an elevation of 2,773 m (9,098 ft).

History
The current territory came under the authority of the government in July 1870, after the Hudson Bay Company transferred the Land of Rupert and the Northwest Territory to the British Crown, which subsequently transferred them to the Dominion of Canada, giving it the Northwest name. Territories. This immense region comprised all of Canada today, except that which was included among the first signatories of the Canadian Confederation, namely British Columbia, the first forms of present-day Ontario and Quebec (covering the Great Lakes coast, the San Lorenzo river). valley and the southern third of Quebec, the Maritimes (NS, PEI and NB), Newfoundland, the Labrador coast and the Arctic islands, except the southern half of Baffin Island (the Arctic islands remained under direct British claim until 1880) .

After the transfer of 1870, some of the Northwest Territories were reduced. The province of Manitoba was created on July 15, 1870, first in a small square area around Winnipeg, and then expanded in 1881 to a larger rectangular region that makes up the south of the modern province. When British Columbia joined the Confederation on July 20, 1871, it had already received (1866) the portion of the Northwest Territory south of 60 degrees north and west of 120 degrees west

Galápagos Islands

Las Islas Galápagos (nombre oficial: Archipiélago de Colón, otro nombre en español: Las Islas Galápagos, parte de la pronunciación en español de la República del Ecuador, son un archipiélago de islas volcánicas distribuidas a ambos lados del ecuador en el Océano Pacífico que rodea el centro del Hemisferio occidental, 906 km (563 mi) al oeste del Ecuador continental. Las islas son conocidas por su gran número de especies endémicas y fueron estudiadas por Charles Darwin durante el segundo viaje de HMS Beagle. Sus observaciones y colecciones contribuyeron al inicio de la teoría de Darwin. De la evolución mediante la selección natural.

Las islas Galápagos y sus aguas circundantes forman la Provincia de Galápagos de Ecuador, el Parque Nacional Galápagos y la Reserva Marina de Galápagos. El idioma principal en las islas es el español. Las islas tienen una población de poco más de 25,000.

La primera visita registrada a las islas ocurrió por casualidad en 1535, cuando Fray Tomás de Berlanga, el obispo de Panamá, se sorprendió con esta tierra por descubrir durante un viaje a Perú para arbitrar en una disputa entre Francisco Pizarro y Diego de Almagro. [2 ] De Berlanga finalmente regresó al Imperio español y describió las condiciones de las islas y los animales que las habitaban. El grupo de islas fue mostrado y nombrado en el atlas de Abraham Ortelius publicado en 1570. El primer mapa crudo de las islas fue hecho en 1684 por el bucanero Ambrose Cowley, quien nombró las islas individuales por algunos de sus compañeros piratas o por la realeza británica y los nobles. . Estos nombres se usaron en las cartas de navegación autorizadas de las islas preparadas durante la encuesta de Beagle con el capitán Robert FitzRoy, y en el popular libro de Darwin El viaje del beagle. La nueva República del Ecuador tomó las islas de propiedad española en 1832, y posteriormente les dio nombres oficiales en español. [3] Los nombres más antiguos se mantuvieron en uso en publicaciones en inglés, incluidas las Encantadas de 1854 de Herman Melville.

Geología
El volcanismo ha sido continuo en las Islas Galápagos por al menos 20 millones de años, y quizás incluso más. El penacho del manto debajo de la placa de Nazca en movimiento hacia el este (51 km / myr) ha dado lugar a una plataforma de 3 kilómetros de espesor debajo de la cadena de islas y los montes submarinos. Además del archipiélago de Galápagos, otras características tectónicas clave en la región incluyen la Provincia Volcánica del Norte de Galápagos entre el archipiélago y el Centro de Extensión de Galápagos (GSC) a 200 km al norte en el límite de la Placa de Nazca y la Placa de Cocos. Este centro en expansión se trunca en la subida del Pacífico oriental en el oeste y está rodeado por Cocos Ridge y Carnegie Ridge en el este. Además, el hotspot de Galápagos se encuentra en el límite norte de la Provincia de la Velocidad de Alta Cizalla Grande del Pacífico, mientras que el Hotspot de Pascua se encuentra en el límite sur.

El archipiélago de Galápagos se caracteriza por numerosos volcanes contemporáneos, algunos con fuentes de magma de pluma, otros de la astenosfera, posiblemente debido a la corteza oceánica joven y delgada. El GSC causó debilidades estructurales en esta delgada litosfera que llevó a las erupciones que forman la Plataforma Galápagos. Fernandina e Isabela en particular están alineadas a lo largo de estas debilidades. Al carecer de una zona de ruptura bien definida, las islas tienen una alta tasa de inflación antes de la erupción. Sierra Negra en la isla Isabela experimentó una elevación de 240 cm entre 1992 y 1998, la erupción más reciente en 2005, mientras que Fernandina en la isla Fernandina indicó una elevación de 90 cm, la erupción más reciente en 2009. Alcedo en la isla Isabela tuvo una elevación superior a 90 cm, la erupción más reciente en 1993. Las características adicionales del archipiélago de Galápagos son una separación más cercana de los volcanes, tamaños de volcanes más pequeños y calderas más grandes. Por ejemplo, la isla Isabela incluye 6 volcanes principales, Ecuador, Wolf, Darwin, Alcedo, Sierra Negraa y Cerro Azul, con las erupciones más recientes desde 1813 hasta 2008. Las islas vecinas de Santiago y Fernandina hicieron erupción por última vez en 1906 y 2009, respectivamente. En general, los 9 volcanes activos en el archipiélago han entrado en erupción 24 veces entre 1961 y 2011. La forma de estos volcanes es la de un "tazón de sopa volcado" en oposición a la "placa de platillo volcada" de las islas de Hawai. La forma de las Galápagos se debe al patrón de fisura radial y circunferencial, radial en los flancos, pero circunferencial cerca de las cumbres de la caldera. Son las fisuras circunferenciales las que dan lugar a pilas de flujos de lava cortos.

Los volcanes en el extremo oeste del archipiélago son en general, más altos, más jóvenes, tienen calderas bien desarrolladas, y en su mayoría están compuestos de basalto toleiítico, mientras que los del este son más cortos, más viejos, carecen de calderas y tienen una composición más diversa. Las edades de las islas, de oeste a este son 0.05 Ma para Fernandina, 0.65 Ma para Isabela, 1.10 Ma para Santiago, 1.7 Ma para Santa Cruz, 2.90 Ma para Santa Fe y 3.2 Ma para San Cristóbal. Las calderas en Sierra Negra y Alcedo.

Tourism in Papua New Guinea

Tourism in Papua New Guinea is an incipient industry, but there are attractions for the potential visitor that include culture, markets, festivals, diving, surfing, hiking, fishing and unique flora and fauna. Papua New Guinea receives an increasing number of visitors each year, with approximately
184,000 international arrivals in 2015.

History
In April of 1883, James Burns and Robert Philp began a commercial partnership, originally called "Burns Philp & Company Limited". [2] They were the first company to offer tourism to New Guinea, in 1884, announcing the 'Excursion Trip to New Guinea'. [3] This consisted of a five-week trip from the Island of Thursday and has been described as the "official start of tourist cruises in the South Pacific." [4] The company later published a book entitled Picturesque Voyage.

In 1914, the Department of Tourism of Burns Philp was established on advertising tours in Lord Howe and on the island of Norfolk. The acquisition of the Hotel Port Moresby happened the same year, and the Hotel Papua was bought some years later. Burns Philp "maintained a close monopoly on passenger services to Melanesia until the outbreak of the war in the Pacific." [5] In the war, the British government took over part of the Burns Philp fleet and the Macdui ship sank in Port Moresby in 1942 as their first trip as a troop carrier.

Attractions

Culture
Main article: Culture of Papua New Guinea.
The culture of Papua New Guinea is very diverse, as it implies the existence of more than 800 languages ​​in the country. The styles of cultural expression (size, dance, song, ornamentation, architecture and more) vary enormously throughout the country.

Festivals

Festival of Hiri Moale
Public festivals that are open to tourists include the Coffee Festival in Goroka - May, National Mask Festival in Rabaul-July, Monte Hagen Show - August, Goroka Show - September, Hiri Moale Festival in Port Moresby - September, Morobe show in Lae - October, Kundu and Canoe Festival in Alotau - November.

The markets
The markets are a great attraction for tourists. Along with local foods, handicrafts are often on display and can be purchased at reasonable prices. Some of the items on display are traditional carvings and beads, traditional and contemporary paintings on canvas and traditionally woven baskets and serving trays. The larger and more tourism-oriented markets are usually held once a month in the larger cities.

Diving
PNG is possibly one of the best diving destinations in the world, with one of the healthiest coral reef systems on the planet. In addition to a large number of reef sites, there are also numerous ships and aircraft wrecked from World War II, which offer a lot of diving opportunities in shipwrecks. Some of the best places to dive are in West New Britain / Kimbe Bay, Kavieng, Madang, Alotau, Tufi and East New Britain / Rabaul. The capital, Port Moresby, also offers excellent diving.

Many of the dive sites are easily accessible by boat for a day trip, and there are many more remote sites that you can dive from one of the many accommodations that are offered locally.

Surfing
You can surf all year round. The southern side of PNG includes places like Hula Beach (100 km from Port Moresby), Milne Bay, Bougainville and East New Britain, which can be reached from June to September. In the north of the PNG surf season is from mid-October to the end of April. There are excellent surf locations that include Madang, Wewak and Kavieng, with the best and most consistent waves found in Vanimo.

Mountain hiking
The most famous walking trail in Papua New Guinea is Kokoda Track, the site of a famous World War II battle between Australia and Japan. Another popular hike is to climb Mount Wilhelm, the highest mountain in Papua New Guinea. There are many more walking tracks, including the Bulldog and Black Cat tracks.

Security
Many countries have issued travel warnings to their citizens wishing to visit Papua New Guinea, due to their high level of violent crime, the slow response times of the police and the poor record of human rights.

Foreign citizens in Papua New Guinea have become tempting targets for criminals, especially those who visit richer countries are more likely to become victims of violence and crime. Lonely foreign women are generally advised not to travel without an escort in Port Moresby and parts of the Highlands region due to the high risks of unwanted harassment and sexual assault. In general, countries of origin advise travelers to seek updated information on

Tourism in Seychelles

Tourism is the most important non-governmental sector of the economy of Seychelles. Approximately 15 percent of the formal labor force is directly employed in tourism, and employment in construction, banking, transportation and other activities is closely linked to the tourism industry. Tourists enjoy the coral beaches of Seychelles and the opportunities for water sports. The wildlife in the archipelago is also a major attraction.

History
The tourism industry was born with the completion of the Seychelles International Airport in 1971, rapidly advancing to a level of 77,400 arrivals in 1979. After declining in the early 1980s, growth was restored by introducing casinos, vigorous and more competitive advertising campaigns After a decline to 90,050 in 1991 due to the Persian Gulf War, the number of visitors increased to more than 116,000 in 1993. In 1991, France was the main source of tourists, followed by the United Kingdom, Germany, Italy and South Africa. Europe provided 80 percent of the total tourists and Africa, mostly South Africa and Reunion, most of the rest. European tourists are considered the most lucrative in terms of length of stay and expenditure per capita.

Under the 1990-94 development plan, which emphasizes that the growth of tourism should not be at the expense of the environment, the number of beds on the islands of Mahé, Praslin and La Digue should be limited to 4,000. The increase in total capacity will be achieved by developing the outer islands. To avoid future threats to the natural attractions of the islands, 150,000 tourists per year are considered the maximum ceiling. The higher cost of accommodation and travel, deficiencies in services and maintenance of facilities, and a limited range of detours, harm Seychelles to attract tourists at the expense of other Indian Ocean tourist destinations

Statistics
The direct contribution of the tourism sector to GDP was estimated at 50 percent, and provides about 70 percent of total foreign exchange earnings. Although it is difficult to measure, the import content of tourism expenditures is high, so net tourism revenues are significantly lower. [2] In 2000 there were 130,046 tourist arrivals, including more than 104,000 from Europe. In the same year, Seychelles had 2,479 hotel rooms with 5,010 full beds up to 52% capacity. The income of tourists was US $ 112 million in 1999. In 2002, the US Department of State. UU He estimated the average daily cost of staying in Seychelles at $ 246 per day. According to the National Bureau of Statistics, 230,272 tourists visited Seychelles in 2013 compared to 208,034 in 2012

Gobi Desert, China and Mongolia

Located in Gobi Desert, China and Mongolia. It is one of the largest desert desert in the world. Gobi is one of the cold deserts of the world, where the temperature goes down from minus 40 degrees. The Gobi Desert spreads on most of the Mongolia in the Asia-continent. This desert is one of the most deserts of the world. 'Gobi' is a Mongolian word, which means 'waterless place'. Nowadays Gobi desert is a deserts, but in ancient times it was not like this. Rich Indian settlements were settled between this region. The Gobi Desert extends from the eastern hills of Pamir in the west to the Khingan ranges in the east and from Altai, Khangai and Yablonoi ranges in the north to the Altai and Nanshan hills in the south. The western part of this desert is only a part of the Tarim Basin.

This is the fifth largest in the world and Asia's largest desert. Like the Sahara Desert, this desert can also be divided into three parts - 1. Talak Maken Desert 2. Alshan Desert 3. Muas or Ordis Desert

Much of the Gobi desert is rocky and not sandy. Here the climate of the desert changes rapidly. Not only does the temperature change throughout the year, but it also changes in temperature within 24 hours. The average rainfall in the Gobi desert is 50 to 100 mm. is. Most of the rainfall here is in the summer season. Most of the rivers in the desert flow in the rainy season. Therefore, only in the rainy season, water remains in the river. Water streams from adjacent mountains fall into the dry land of the desert. Here the plants named Saxol, which have compostious and dry resistant properties, are found in abundance. Almost without leaf leaves, this plant rises in areas where the sand is unstable. Due to this special quality, this plant is helpful in preventing soil erosion. Gobi Desert is considered as the 'Beckittarian camel', which has two holes. Kachhu Jagelli variety asses are also found here. The special bears of desert in the world are found in this desert. The species of these bears 'fun' or 'Gobi' has reached the brink of extinction. In addition, wild horses, squirrels, and small reefs are also found here. One of the major desert expanses of the world, the desert of Gobi, which extends approximately 600 miles from north to south and about 1000 miles east to west, exists as a shallow trough between Tibet and Altai ranges. Its natural landscape is similar to the sloping ground, with mountain elevations around it. With the prevailing erosion and corrosive actions, this desert is famous for its distinctive rhythm. The water mark on the foothills of the dried rivers and the height of the lakes, is the evidence of change in the climate here. Civilization Relics The ancient ruins of different civilizations are also found in this desert. Here the heat gets much faster and the average temperature in the summer is 45 ° to 65 ° C. And winter heat is 15 ° C Stays till. Here snowflakes and stormy storms sometimes come. Here the grass and prickly shrubs are found mainly in the vegetation. There is often lack of water here. Between 10 miles and 40 miles of wells are found on caravan routes. Animals In the eastern part of this desert where there is some rainfall from the southwest monsoon, there is a small farming area, and sheep, goats and other animals are reared. Sheep goats are also reared in North-West Frontier regions. There are some forests in the far north. There are Chinese settlements in the valleys of Orakhan and its tributaries in the north. The population is very sparse. Mongol is the main caste here. Tribal people in the grasslands of the north and the south, who live the life of nomads. Most of the caravan routes are from east to west, on which Chinese traders trade on clothes, shoes, tea, tobacco, wool, leather and leather etc. Remnants of Indian Culture In the Gobi Desert, archaeological excavations by 'Sir Oxel Stone' have been found in the remains of Buddhist stupas, monasteries, Buddhist and Hindu deities, many manuscripts and many articles in Indian languages ​​and epics. Surrounding these residues, Sar-Aurl started to experience that he was roaming in an ancient village of Punjab. In the 7th century, the famous Chinese traveler, Hwy Tsang, came to India only through the Gobi Desert and then returned to China. He showed the preference of Buddhism and Indian culture in this region. As the desert grew in this region, the center of Indian culture became extinct here.

It is the fifth largest desert in the world, spread across 1, 623 square kilometers. It is surrounded by Altai mountain and Mongolia's Stepei and pasture, in the north, the Ghanshu's corridor in the south-west and the Tibetan Plateau and the south-eastern region of China's northern region. It is also known for many types of fossils and rare animals. Gobi Desert has been a part of the great Mongol empire in the past and has been the area of ​​many important cities associated with Silk Road. It is built on the basis of ecological and geographical areas due to a variety of distinct changes in desert climate and topography. Gobi desert is on the other side of the Himalayas, of which

Sahara Desert For Tourist

Sahara (Arabic: "The Largest Desert") is the world's largest hot desert. The name Sahara is derived from the Arabic word Sahra , which means desert.  It is the Atlantic in the northern part of Africa Extends up to 5,600 kilometers from the ocean to the Red Sea, extending from Sudan to the north and Atlas Mountains south to 1,300 kilometers, including some coastal areas of the Mediterranean Sea. In this, it is almost equal to Europe and more than double the area of ​​India, this is an expanse of the desert in Mali, Morocco, Muttania, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Niger, Chad, Sudan and Egypt. It is a semi-arid tropical savanna region, which separates the Sahara from the rest of Africa.

Sahara is a low desert plateau whose average height is 300 meters. The intermittent history of this tropical desert is about three million years old. [3] Here are some low volcanic mountains, which include Hogar of Algeria and Tibesti Mountain of Libya. Located on the Tibesti Mountain, the Eimi Kuni volcano is the highest point of Sahara, whose height is 3,415 meters. The dunes and ravens of the vast sand formed with the wind make its normal geomorphic nature. In the west of the Sahara desert, large sand sand mounds are found in the region of the Maricinia. Some sand dunes can reach up to 180 meters (600 feet) in height. [4] In some parts of the Sahara, some of the green herbs are found due to irrigation facilities by well, river, or waterfall. Kufara, Tuyet, Weddale, Tininkukku, Lajuf are the chief herbs of Sahara. There are dry valleys of the rivers, which are called Wadi. Here lakes of lake water are found.

The climate of the Sahara desert is dry and odd. Here, both daily temperature and annual temperature are high. There is a severe heat in the day and severe cold in the night. The temperature reaches 580 ° C in the day and the temperature goes down even below freezing point in the night. A recent research has shown that Africa's Sahara region has been transformed into the largest desert of the world almost two and a half thousand years due to continuous decrease of greenery. The northern areas of Africa were filled with greenery 6,000 years ago. Apart from this, there were also many lakes. Most of the evidence giving a detailed account of this physical change has also been destroyed. These studies were done on Lake Yoa in Chad. According to the scientist Stefan Kroplin, Sahara took considerable time to become the desert; according to the old theories and beliefs, greenery decreased rapidly in the last five and a half thousand years, and this desert was born. In the year 2000, Dr. Peter Maikolle's study of Columbia University supports old recognition.

Harmattam winds move from north-east direction in the Sahara desert. They are hot and dry. In the coastal areas of Guinea, these winds are popular in the name of Dr. Vayu because they provide relief to the residents of this region by the humid weather. Apart from this, in the months of May and September, in the areas of northern and northeastern Sudan, in the afternoon, there are dust storms especially in the adjacent areas of the capital Khartoum. Due to these, it also becomes very less visible. These winds called Habubu bring heavy rains along with thunder and thunderstorms.

Geography
The top image shows the Oasis on the surface of the Sahara. Below (use of radar) is a rock layer below, which reveals black channels filled with a type of tube of an ancient river, which once used Oasis feeds. ]] Sahara covers a large portion of Algeria, Chad, Egypt, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Western Sahara, Sudan and Tunisia. It includes 9 million square kilometers (3,500,000 square miles), which is the sum of 31% of Africa. If all areas were covered with an average annual rainfall of less than 250 mm, then Sahara would be 11 million square kilometers (4,200,000 square miles). This African is one of the three distinct geographical provinces of the geographical division on a large scale.

Sahara mainly make rocky Hamada (stone plateaus), arag (sand areas - large areas with sand dunes) only make a slight part, but many sand tiny is 180 meters (590 feet) high. Air or rare rainfall characteristics of the desert: shaped sand dunes, dunes fields, sand ocean, stone plateau, gravel grounds, dry valleys (wadi), dry lakes (voice), and salt flats (shots or chats) Are there. Unusual landforms include ranch structure in Mauritania

Many grow deeply disintegrated mountains, many volcanic eras, mountain ranges from Aghangaar, Saharan Atlas, Tibetan Mountains, Adar des Ifras and Red Sea hills. The highest peak in Sahara is a shield volcano, Emi Kossi in the Tibesti range of Northern Chad.

Central Sahara is hyperarid, with rare vegetation. To the north and south of the desert, with mountainous terrain, along with trees and tall shrubs, where moisture collects, there are areas of rare grazing and desert springs. In the central, hyperarid area, there are several subdivisions of the Great Desert: Tanezoft, Tenera, Libyan Desert, Eastern Desert, Nubian Desert and others. These extremely dry areas do not get rain for many years.

In the north, Sahara skirts in the Mediterranean Sea and parts of Libya in Egypt, but in Cyrenica and Magreb, Sahara has a Mediterranean forest,