Prague – Czech Republic Tourism

Prague

Prague (Czech: Praha; German: Prague; English: Prague) is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic. It is the 14th largest city of the European Union. [6] Prague was once the historic capital of Bohemia. Located in the north-west of the Vltava River, this city is home to 1.3 million people, while its metropolitan area is estimated to have a population of 2.6 lakhs.  The city has a temperate climate, that is: hot summers and extremely cold winters.

Prague has been a political, cultural and economic center of Central Europe with a rich history. The Prague, rich in the Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque era founded during the Roman times, was the capital of the Empire of Bohemia, and was the main residence of many Holy Roman emperors, mainly Charles IV (Shaw.1346-1378). Habsburg was an important city of the monarchy and its Austro-Hungarian Empire. During the two world wars and postwar communist era, the city has played a major role in the form of Bohemian and European Reformation, the Thirty Years War and the Capital of Czechoslovakia in the history of the 20th century.

History

During its thousands of years of existence, this city spread from the fort of Prague to the fort of Vyasrad in the south, a modern European country, and a member of the European Union, became the capital of the Czech Republic.

Climate

In Prague there is a humid continental climate (Koppen DFB). With very little sunshine in winter, the average temperature reaches near the point of frozen water. Snow is common from mid-mid-March to mid-March, and snowfall is up to 20 cm (8 in). During summers usually there is more sunlight and maximum temperature reaches 24 ° C (75 ° F). Although in the summers too cold in the night. In Prague (and most of Lower Bavaria), the rainfall is low (only 500 mm [20 inches] per year) because it is located in the shade of suitors and other mountain ranges.

culture

The city is traditionally one of the cultural centers of Europe, where there are many cultural events. Some of the important cultural institutions include National Theater (Normandy Dividalo) and Estates Theater (Stovovtsecki or Tilovo or Nostiichovo diadelpho), where Mozart Don Giovanni and La Clemenza di Tito were organized. Other major cultural institutions are Rudolphinum, which is home to the Czech Philharmonic orchestra and the Municipal House, which is famous for the Prague Symphony Orchestra.

With the rise of low-cost airports in Europe, Prague has become a popular weekend city destination. As a result, tourists take advantage of many of their museums and cultural sites as well as their famous Czech beer and food. Adolf Loos (Villa Müller) in the city, Frank O. Ghiree (Dance House) and Jean Nouvel (Golden Angel) are the buildings built by many famous architects.

Economy

Prague's economy checks are 25% of GDP, making it the most regional economy in the country. According to Eurostat, by 2007, its gross domestic product per capita purchasing power was € 42,800. In 2016, according to the GDP of Prague, the city was at number 6 in the city's list.

Tourism in Morocco

Tourism in Morocco

Tourism in Morocco is well developed, with a strong tourism industry focused on the coast, culture and history of the country. Morocco has been one of the most politically stable countries in North Africa, which has allowed the development of tourism. The Moroccan government created a Ministry of Tourism in 1985. [1] Tourism is considered one of the main sources of foreign currency in Morocco and in 2013 it had the highest number of arrivals outside the African countries.

History of tourism

In the second half of the 80s and early 90s, between 1 and 1.5 million Europeans visited Morocco. Most of these visitors were French or Spanish, with about 100,000 from Great Britain, Germany and the Netherlands. Tourists mostly visited large spas along the Atlantic coast, particularly Agadir. Around 20,000 people from Saudi Arabia visited, some of whom bought holiday homes. Tourism receipts fell by 16.5% in 1990, the year the Gulf War began. In 1994, Algeria closed its border with Morocco after the attack of Marrakech, which caused the number of Algerian visitors to decrease considerably; there were 70,000 visitors in 1994 and 13,000 in 1995, compared to 1.66 million in 1992 and 1.28 million in 1993. In 2017, there were 10.3 million tourist arrivals, compared with about 10.1 million in 2016, an annual increase of 1.5% . 30% of tourists were one of the 3.8 million Moroccans living abroad. Marrakech itself had more than 2 million visitors in 2017. [3] The majority of visitors to Morocco are still Europeans, with French and Spanish citizens representing almost 40% of all visitors. Most Europeans visit in April and fall, apart from the Spaniards, who mostly visit in June and August.

Tourism industry

Revenues from tourism in 2007 totaled US $ 7.55 billion. Tourism is the second largest source of foreign currency in Morocco, after the phosphate industry. The Moroccan government is investing heavily in the development of tourism. A new tourism strategy called Vision 2010 was developed after the accession of King Mohammed VI in 1999. The government has pointed out that Morocco will have 10 million visitors by 2010, with the hope that tourism has risen to 20% of GDP. The large marketing campaigns sponsored by the government to attract tourists announced Morocco as a cheap and exotic place, albeit safe, for European tourists.

The relatively high number of tourists from Morocco has been favored by its location, tourist attractions and the relatively low price. Cruises visit the ports of Casablanca and Tangier. Morocco is close to Europe and attracts visitors to its beaches. Due to its proximity to Spain, tourists in the coastal areas of southern Spain make trips of one to three days to Morocco. Air services have been established between Morocco and Algeria, many Algerians have traveled to Morocco to buy and visit family and friends. Morocco is relatively cheap due to the devaluation of the dirham and the increase in the prices of hotels in Spain. Morocco has an excellent road and rail infrastructure that connects the main cities and tourist destinations with ports and cities with international airports. Low cost airlines offer cheap flights to the country.

Azur Plan

The "Azur Plan", is a large-scale project initiated by King Mohammed VI, is destined to internationalize Morocco. The plan calls for the creation of six coastal resorts for owners of holiday homes and tourists (five on the Atlantic coast and one in the Mediterranean), the newspaper noted. The plan also includes other large-scale development projects, such as upgrading regional airports to attract low-cost airlines and building new rail and highway links. Thus, the country achieved an 11% increase in tourism in the first five months of 2008 compared to the same period last year, he said, adding that French visitors topped the list with 927,000 followed by Spaniards (587,000) and British (141,000). . Morocco, which is close to Europe, has a mix of culture and the exotic that makes it popular among Europeans who buy holiday homes.

Sights

The attractions of the country can be divided into seven regions:

The four imperial cities: the four historical capitals of Morocco: Fez, Marrakech, Meknes and Rabat.
Marrakech
Casablanca - the largest city in Morocco; home of the Hassan II mosque, which has the tallest minaret in the world at 656 feet
Tangier and its surroundings
Ouarzazate - a famous place to make movies; 

Mauritius Tourism

Mauritius

Republic of Mauritius (English: Republic of Mauritius, French: République de Maurice) is an island country located in the Indian Ocean in the southeast of the African continent and in the Indian Ocean east of Madagascar. In addition to the island of Mauritius, this republic also includes St. Brandon, Rodriguez and Agalega Islands. Mauritius is part of the Mascarenhas Islands with the Rhudridge Island located in the French Reunion Islands, 200 kilometers southwest of the southwest and 570 kilometers north-east of Rodriguez. The culture of Mauritius is a mixed culture, due to which it is first to be under the control of France and later to the British ownership. Mauritius Island is also known as the last and only house of the extinct Dodo bird.

History

The oldest records of Mauritius are from the beginning of the 10th century which come from the context of Dravid (Tamil) and Austronesi sailors. Portuguese sailors first came here in 1507 and they established a travel base on this deserted island and then left the island. In 1598, three ships from Holland who had traveled on a trip to Masala Island (Spice Island) reached a place in a hurricane and deviated from there. He named the island Mauritius in honor of Yuvaraja Morris of Nassau. In 1638, the Dutch settled the first permanent settlement here. Ducho left the island after a few decades due to the harsh climatic conditions of cyclones and the frequent loss of habitation. France, which had already control its neighboring Isle Bourbon (now Reunion) Island, captured Mauritius in 1715 and changed its name to Isle de France (Island of France). Under the French rule, this island developed as a prosperous economy based on Chinese production. This economic change was started by Governor (Governor) François Mahe de Lébordanois.

During his many military conflicts with Britain, France surrendered the illegal "pirate" coursers, which were often robbed of British ships, which were traded for valuable trade during their travels between India and Britain. Were. During the Napoleonic Wars during 1803-1815, the British succeeded in regaining control of the island. Despite winning the Battle of the Grand Port, which was the only conquest of the Napoleonic British on the British, three months later, the French lost to Cape Malhourux in the UK. They formally surrendered on 3 December 1810 with certain conditions, these conditions were that the use of French language on the island would continue and France's laws would apply to civilians in criminal cases. Under British rule, the name of this island was changed back to Mauritius.

In 1965, Britain (United Kingdom) separated the Chagos Archipelago from Mauritius. They did this to establish the British Indian Ocean region, so that they could use strategic islands for different purposes of defense cooperation with the United States. Although the then Government of Mauritius agreed with his move, later governments have declared their move as illegal under international law [fact desired] and have declared their rights over these islands. Their claim has been recognized by the United Nations [fact desired].

Mauritius gained independence in 1968 and the country became a republic in 1992, under the Commonwealth. Mauritius is a stable democracy, where there are regular elections, and in the case of human rights, the country's image is good, due to which there has been a lot of foreign investment and this country is one of the most per capita income countries in Africa.

Politics

Mauritius is a parliamentary democracy whose structure is based on the UK's parliamentary system. The head of the state is the president, whose tenure is five years, and his election is the unanimous parliament of the National Assembly, Mauritius. 62 members of the National Assembly (National Assembly) are elected by the public, while four to eight members are appointed to represent ethnic minorities among the "elite defeated" candidates in the elections when these communities are fair to the elections Representation not found The Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers lead the government. The government is elected on a five-year basis. The most recent general elections were held on July 3, 2005, along with all the 20 constituencies of the mainland in the constituency of Rodriguez Island. In international affairs, Mauritius is a part of the Indian Ocean Commission, the South African Development Community, the Commonwealth and La Francophonie (the countries speaking the French). In 2006, Mauritius was asked to become an observer member of Portuguese linguistic communities, so that it could be closer to those countries. There is no army of Mauritius, but it has a Coast Guard and Police and Security Force.

Geography

Mauritius is a part of the Masquerade Islands. The series of this archipelago is made due to the intra-sea volcanic eruptions which are no longer active. This volcanic eruption was due to the reunion of African plate moving above the constellation point. Mauritius Island is surrounded by a central plateau, whose highest peak is Péron de la Petit Rivierre Noire, 828 meters (2717 feet) high and is located in the south. Around the plateau, the original trough may still look different from the mountains

Singapore Tourism

Singapore

Singapore (English: Singapore Singpor, Chinese: 新加坡 Xinjiang, Malay: Singapura Singapore, Tamil: சிங்கப்பூர் Chinchapura) is one of the major ports and trading centers in the world. It is located in South Asia between Malaysia and Indonesia.

Lion That is, it is called the City of Lions. Here people, who believe in the many religions, the culture, history and language of different countries live united. Mainly here both Chinese and English languages ​​are popular. The size of Mumbai, Chennai, Malay and 8 per cent of the population living in this country is about 35 lakhs in size.

Modern Singapore

In Southeast Asia, about 1500 km from the Nicobar Islands, a small, beautiful and developed country has emerged as a major center of tourism and trade for the last twenty years. Modern Singapore was founded in 1819 by Sir Stamford Raffles, who was sent as an officer of the East India Company, to Singapore to increase the company's business by the then Viceroy of Delhi. Even today Singaporean and St. coins have the modern name Singapore and old name Singaporean. In 1965, apart from Malaysia, the emergence of the new Singapore nation. Legend has it that in the fourteenth century, when a Hindu prince of Sumatra Island went to Singapore on the pretext of hunting, seeing the lions in the forest, he named the island as the island of Singapore.

Economy

Singapore is the world's 9th and fourth largest economy in Asia. Economists have termed Singapore as a 'modern miracle'. All the natural resources here are resident here. Here water is imported from Malaysia, milk, fruits and vegetables from New Zealand and Australia, pulses, rice and other daily items from Thailand, Indonesia etc.

Since the 1970s, the business here began to grab the attention which attracted the attention of the whole world. Today, major businesses include major companies such as hotels, call centers, banking, outsourcing etc., such as electronic, chemical and service sector companies. It has been very attractive for foreign investment and recently the companies here have made good investments abroad.

Singapore

Singapore is a democratic country where the People's Action Party (in short, the PAP) is dominated. Lee Kuan Yu was his most influential leader, who remained in power for 31 years (1959-90). During this time Singapore made a lot of professional progress. In the 2006 elections, it won 82 out of 84 seats. The Parliament here is a House with the right to make laws, that is, the legislature. Apart from this, the judiciary is two other organisms for working executive and judicial affairs in the government here. The government here affects the business [2]. Well there are 43 parties here but there are some main ones

Tourism

Among the major sights of Singapore, there are three museums, Jurong Bird Park, Reptile Park, Zoological Gardens, Science Center Centosa Island, Parliament House, Hindu, Chinese and Buddhist temples and Chinese and Japanese gardens. The story of Singapore's independence in the Singapore Museum is told by the attractive three-D video shows. Indians also made significant contributions in this freedom fight.


Various species of festivals have been exhibited in the Culture Museum, in which Dussehra, Deepawali and their importance are reported. Jurong Bird Park is the largest bird park in the Asia-Pacific region, with a collection of 600 species and 8,000 extras. The penguin birds are kept here by creating the artificial atmosphere of the South Pole. 30 meter high man-made waterfall and all-star bird shows in which birds talk over telephone, there are other major attractions.

In the reptile park, it is thrilling to have a mouth in the mouth of a 10-foot-long crocodile in the face of an instructor and kiss the cobra snake. Animal feeding show C. Lion Dance shows in the Zoological Gardens, etc.

Maldives Tourism

Tourism is the largest economic industry in the Maldives, as it plays an important role in obtaining foreign exchange earnings and generating employment in the country's tertiary sector. The archipelago of the Maldives is the main source of attraction for many tourists who visit the country around the world.

History
Tourism in the Maldives began in 1972. A United Nations development mission that visited the Maldives in the 1960s did not recommend tourism, claiming that the islands were not suitable. Since the launch of the first resort in the Maldives in 1972, however, tourism in the Maldives has flourished. It is estimated that the arrival of the first group of tourists occurred in February 1972. Tourism in the Maldives began with only two tourist centers with a capacity of approximately 280 beds. Kurumba Island Resort is the first resort open in Maldives, followed by Bandos Island Resort. At present, there are more than 105 tourist centers located in the different atolls that constitute the Republic of Maldives. Over the decades, the number of tourists in the Maldives is continuously increasing. In 2009, the guest houses of the local islands began to appear in the Maldives. This was due to a change in regulations that officially began allowing tourists to remain among the local population, rather than just private tourist islands. In 2015, a total of 1.2 million tourists visited the Maldives, and another 1.5 million visited 2016.

In 2018, the Maldives operated 130 resort islands. Work is currently underway to increase the capacity of tourism halls by building another 23 properties, which will include foreign developers such as Waldorf Astoria, Movenpick, Pullman and Hard Rock Café Hotel. Extensive improvements at the Velana International Airport will allow 7.5 million visitors by early 2019 or 2020

Level of tourism development.
Tourism in the Maldives began in 1972 with only three hotels, now there are more than 100 resorts in operation. The unique condition of Maldives is that an island is a resort, which means that a hotel occupies the entire island. By doing so, the resorts offer more privacy and more luxury for their visitors. Maldives is also trying to stay green and use more solar energy than diesel. The Maldives offer facilities and services, entertainment and telecommunications services, and also offer numerous resorts, hotels, guest houses and liveboards.

Description of a typical tropical resort

A resort of Maldives
A resort in the Maldives usually consists of an exclusive hotel on its own island, with a population composed entirely of tourists and labor, without inhabitants or local houses.

The islands developed for tourism usually have a size of 800 by 200 meters and are composed of sand and coral up to a maximum height of about 2 meters above the sea. In addition to its beach that surrounds the island, each island has its own "reef" that serves as a coral garden and a natural aquarium for scuba divers and divers. The shallow waters enclosed by the house reef also serve as a large natural pool and protect swimmers from the waves of the sea and strong tidal currents outside the reef of the house.

The buildings in a typical complex include rooms and suites reserved for the use of their guests, restaurants, cafes, shops, lounges, bars, nightclubs and diving schools. A part of the island also contains accommodation for staff and support services such as catering, electric generators, laundry and a sewer system. The stores on the island offer a wide range of products, such as souvenirs and artifacts. Most resorts offer a wide variety of activities such as aerobics, volleyball and table tennis.


Workers and tourism entrepreneurs.
Workers in the tourism industry are represented by the Maldives Tourism Employees Association (TEAM). TEAM argues that the 25,000 workers employed in the industry face poor conditions and have very low salaries (between US $ 80 and US $ 235 per month) given the cost of living . The employers' organization is known as the Maldives Association of the Tourism Industry.

Climate concerns
The economy of Maldives is very influenced by climate changes. The tourism sector may be affected by the increased likelihood of violent storms, damage to coral reefs and erosion of beaches, which is now more likely to occur due to rising seas.

As a result of climate change, Maldives is now facing the problem of the increasing discoloration of the seas and coral reefs. According to the World Bank, with "future levels of

Anchorage, Alaska

Alaska is a romantic and isolated destination, along with the beauty of nature in abundance. Anchorage offers many places to enjoy, such as the Glacier Bay National Park and Reserve, winter activities such as dog sledding, or taking a look at the spectacular northern lights or experiencing nature by choosing trails.

Anchorage (officially called the Municipality of Anchorage; Dena'ina: Dgheyaytnu) is a unified government municipality in the US state of Alaska. With an estimated 298,192 residents in 2016,  it is the most populous city in Alaska and contains more than 40 percent of the state's total population; Among the 50 states, only New York has a higher percentage of residents living in its most populated city. In total, the Anchorage metropolitan area, which combines Anchorage with the neighboring municipality of Matanuska-Susitna, had a population of 401,635 in 2016, representing more than half of the state's population. With 1,706 square miles of land area, the city is the fourth largest city by land in the United States and larger than the smallest state, Rhode Island, with 1,212 square miles.

The anchorage is located in the south-central part of Alaska, at the end of Cook Inlet, on a peninsula formed by Knik Arm to the north and Turnagain Arm to the south. [10] The city limits encompass 1,961.1 square miles (5,079.2 km2) encompassing the urban core, a joint military base, several peripheral communities and almost the entire Chugach State Park.

Due to its location, almost equidistant from New York City, Frankfurt and Tokyo, Anchorage is within 9 1/2 hours by air of almost 90% of the industrialized world. [13] For this reason, the Anchorage International Airport is a common refueling stop for many international cargo flights and houses a major FedEx hub, which the company considers a "critical part" of its global service network.

Anchorage has won the All-America City Award four times: in 1956, 1965, 1984-85 and 2002, by the National Civic League.  It has also been named by Kiplinger as the most tax-favored city in the United States.

History
Main articles: History of Anchorage, Alaska and Timeline of Anchorage, Alaska
The Russian presence in south-central Alaska was well established in the 19th century. In 1867, the Secretary of State of the United States, William H. Seward, negotiated an agreement to buy Alaska from Imperial Russia for $ 7.2 million, or approximately two cents per acre ($ 0.1 billion in 2016 dollars).  His political rivals mocked the agreement as "Seward's madness", "Seward's fridge" and "Walrussia". In 1888, gold was discovered along Turnagain's arm.

The town of the store (called "The White City" in the handwritten title) at Ship Creek, photographed by Alberta Pyatt on July 1, 1915.
Alaska became a territory of the United States in 1912. Anchorage, unlike any other large city in Alaska south of the Brooks Range, was not a fishing or mining camp. The area surrounding Anchorage lacks significant economic metallic minerals. A number of Dena'ina settlements existed throughout the Knik Arm for years. By 1911, the families of J. D. "Bud" Whitney and Jim St. Clair lived at the mouth of Ship Creek and were joined there by a young gamekeeper, Jack Brown, and his girlfriend, Nellie, in 1912.

The city grew from its chance choice as site, in 1914, under the direction of Frederick Mears, of a railroad construction port for the Alaska Engineering Commission. The area near the mouth of Ship Creek, where the railway headquarters was located, quickly became a tent city. A city site was plotted on higher ground south of the town than the tent, which is noticeable in the years after its order and rigidity compared to other sites in the city of Alaska. In 1915, territorial governor John Franklin Alexander Strong encouraged residents to change the name of the city to one that had "more importance and local associations."  In the summer of that year, residents voted to change the name of the city; A plurality of residents favored changing the name of the city to "City of Alaska". However, the territorial government finally refused to change the name of the city. Anchorage was incorporated on November 23, 1920.

The construction of the Alaska Railroad continued until its completion in 1923. The city's economy in the 1920s and 1930s focused on the railroad. Colonel Otto F. Ohlson, general manager of the railroad born in Sweden for almost two decades, became a symbol of the contempt of the residents due to the firm control he had over railway affairs, which by extension became control over aspects economic and others of life in Alaska.


Fourth Avenue in 1953, looking east from near I Street. Just ten years earlier, the commercial area showed

Siberia tourism

Siberia (Russian: Сибирь, Cibir) is a large and elaborate land area, which is almost complete in North Asia. This is the central and eastern part of Russia. By the year 1991 it used to be part of the Soviet Union. The area of ​​Siberia is 131 million square kilometers. For comparison, the area of ​​entire India is 32.8 million sq km, i.e. Siberia is almost four times more than India. Still, the weather and geography of Siberia are so strong that only 40 million people live here, which was the only state of Orissa in 2011.

Most of the straps in Eurasia (plain grassland) come from Siberia. Siberia extends from the Ural mountains in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east and to the north-west ocean (Arctic Ocean) in the north. Its boundaries in the south are from Kazakhstan, Mongolia and China.

History
Approximately 25 to 50 million years ago (i.e. long before humans emerged on Earth), there were terrible volcanic eruptions in many areas of Siberia, which lasted for about one million years. It is believed that the breed of 90% of the organisms on Earth was killed due to them.  The Siberian Plateau's land is made of lava that is grown in the explosions.

Signs of human presence in Siberia are approximately 40,000 years old. Over time, many species have been settled or produced, including Yanat, Nanat, Avenk, Hun, Skithi and Uighur. In 13th century Mongolia was captured on Siberia, and in the 14th century an independent Siberian Sultanate was established. The Yakut settlers settled near the Bayak lake by the pressure of Mongols settled on the north. [2] Here, Mongols used to attack the West towards Russia by their bases. Russia's power began to grow in the 16th century and they started spreading to the east. The first merchant and ace-decked soldier arrived in Siberia, and the Russian army came behind them and started making bases and wood forts here. By the middle of the 17th century, Russian control had reached the Pacific Ocean. In 1709, the total Russian population of Siberia was 2,30,000.

By the end of the 19th century, Siberia remained an area of ​​backward and very low population. Here the royal government of Russia used to send his political prisoner, because there could not have been a runaway jail for the I-field spanning thousands of miles. In the period 1891-1916, the trans-Siberian railroad was connected, which added Siberia to Russia's industrial-full west part. Over time, the population of Siberia increased. The biggest economic business here was the removal of metals, coal and other substances from the earth.

In the Soviet era, major bases were built to keep prisoners here, called "gulag". [4] It is estimated that about 1.4 million people were sent to these Gulags. According to the Soviet policy, if any national community in the Soviet Union starts looking at suspicion in a part of the Soviet Union, sometimes more than five lakh prisoners have died in the slogan due to shortage of food during World War II. The whole communities were dispatched and sent to Siberia.

weather
Northern Siberia is a very cold area and the summer season only remains one month. Almost the entire population of Siberia lives in its southern part and lives near the trans-Siberian railroad. In this southern part, winters are hard (January's average temperature is -15 ° C) but at least 4 months of summer season is also where good crop can be grown. In July, the average temperature is 16 ° C and the daytime temperature reaches more than 20 ° C. Here the earth is of special type. It is called chornozem, which in Russian means "black soil" and it is very fertile.

The name of an administrative department of Siberia is the Sakhna republic, in which the lowest temperature in the city of Oyumyakon located at -71.2 ° C has been observed, on the basis of which it is the title of being the world's coldest city.

Population
The average density of population in Siberia is only 4 people per square kilometer. For the comparison, in the 2011 Census, the population of India in Bihar state was 1102 people per sq. Km. Most of the people here are Russians, or people of Ukrainian origin who have adopted the Russian identity. There are also people of about four million German origin in Siberia who have adopted Russian identity. Siberia Russia was formed only after the 17th century and the Russians had only entered this area. Before that, many tribes lived here, whose descendants still live here. These include Burayat, Tawai, Yakut and Siberian Tatar people. The number of burying and yakutas is more than four-four lakhs. There are also small populations of some other tribal castes, such as Ket, Avenk, Chukchi, Koryak, Yukagar, etc.

Northwest Territories of Canada

The Northwest Territories (NT or NWT, French: les Territoires du Nord-Ouest, TNO, Athabaskan languages: Denendeh, Inuinnaqtun: Nunatsiaq, Inuktitut: ᓄᓇᑦᓯᐊᖅ) is a federal territory of Canada. In an area of ​​land of approximately 1,144,000 km2 (442,000 square miles) and a population of 41,462 in 2011, it is the second largest and most populated of the three territories in northern Canada.  Its estimated population as of 2016 is 44,291. [5] Yellowknife became the territorial capital in 1967, following the recommendations of the Carrothers Commission.

The Northwest Territories, a part of the former Northwest Territory, entered the Canadian Confederation on July 15, 1870, but the current borders were formed on April 1, 1999, when the territory was subdivided to create Nunavut to the east, through the Nunavut Law and the Land Claims Agreement of Nunavut. [8] [9] Although Nunavut is primarily Arctic tundra, the Northwest Territories have a slightly warmer climate and are both boreal forest (taiga) and tundra, and their northernmost regions are part of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago.

The Northwest Territories are limited by the other two territories of Canada, Nunavut to the east and Yukon to the west, and by the provinces of British Columbia, Alberta and Saskatchewan to the south.

Etymology
The name is descriptive, adopted by the British government during the colonial era to indicate where it was in relation to Rupert's Land. It is shortened from the Northwest Territory (see History). In Inuktitut, the Northwest Territories are known as ᓄᓇᑦᓯᐊᖅ (Nunatsiaq), "beautiful land".

There was a discussion about changing the name of the Northwest Territories after the separation from Nunavut, possibly to a term of an aboriginal language. One proposal was "Denendeh" (a word from the Athabaskan language meaning "our land"), as defended by former Prime Minister Stephen Kakfwi, among others. One of the most popular proposals for a new name, one to name the territory "Bob", started as a joke, but for a while it was on top or near it in public opinion polls. [11] [12]

In the end, a survey conducted before the division showed that strong support was maintained to maintain the name "Territorios del Noroeste". This name could be said to have become more appropriate after the division than when the territories extended to the north-central and northeastern areas of Canada.

Geography
Located in northern Canada, the territory borders the other two territories of Canada, Yukon to the west and Nunavut to the east, and three provinces: British Columbia to the southwest, and Alberta and Saskatchewan to the south. You may encounter Manitoba in a quadripunto to the extreme southeast, although the surveys have not been completed. It has an area of ​​land of 1,183,085 km2 (456,792 square miles).

Geographical features include Great Bear Lake, the largest lake in its entirety within Canada, and Great Slave Lake, the deepest body of water in North America at 614 m (2,014 ft), as well as the Mackenzie River and the Nahanni canyons Reserve the National Park, a national park and a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. The territorial islands in the Canadian Arctic archipelago include Banks Island, Borden Island, Prince Patrick Island and parts of Victoria Island and Melville Island. Its highest point is Mount Nirvana, near the Yukon border, at an elevation of 2,773 m (9,098 ft).

History
The current territory came under the authority of the government in July 1870, after the Hudson Bay Company transferred the Land of Rupert and the Northwest Territory to the British Crown, which subsequently transferred them to the Dominion of Canada, giving it the Northwest name. Territories. This immense region comprised all of Canada today, except that which was included among the first signatories of the Canadian Confederation, namely British Columbia, the first forms of present-day Ontario and Quebec (covering the Great Lakes coast, the San Lorenzo river). valley and the southern third of Quebec, the Maritimes (NS, PEI and NB), Newfoundland, the Labrador coast and the Arctic islands, except the southern half of Baffin Island (the Arctic islands remained under direct British claim until 1880) .

After the transfer of 1870, some of the Northwest Territories were reduced. The province of Manitoba was created on July 15, 1870, first in a small square area around Winnipeg, and then expanded in 1881 to a larger rectangular region that makes up the south of the modern province. When British Columbia joined the Confederation on July 20, 1871, it had already received (1866) the portion of the Northwest Territory south of 60 degrees north and west of 120 degrees west

Galápagos Islands

Las Islas Galápagos (nombre oficial: Archipiélago de Colón, otro nombre en español: Las Islas Galápagos, parte de la pronunciación en español de la República del Ecuador, son un archipiélago de islas volcánicas distribuidas a ambos lados del ecuador en el Océano Pacífico que rodea el centro del Hemisferio occidental, 906 km (563 mi) al oeste del Ecuador continental. Las islas son conocidas por su gran número de especies endémicas y fueron estudiadas por Charles Darwin durante el segundo viaje de HMS Beagle. Sus observaciones y colecciones contribuyeron al inicio de la teoría de Darwin. De la evolución mediante la selección natural.

Las islas Galápagos y sus aguas circundantes forman la Provincia de Galápagos de Ecuador, el Parque Nacional Galápagos y la Reserva Marina de Galápagos. El idioma principal en las islas es el español. Las islas tienen una población de poco más de 25,000.

La primera visita registrada a las islas ocurrió por casualidad en 1535, cuando Fray Tomás de Berlanga, el obispo de Panamá, se sorprendió con esta tierra por descubrir durante un viaje a Perú para arbitrar en una disputa entre Francisco Pizarro y Diego de Almagro. [2 ] De Berlanga finalmente regresó al Imperio español y describió las condiciones de las islas y los animales que las habitaban. El grupo de islas fue mostrado y nombrado en el atlas de Abraham Ortelius publicado en 1570. El primer mapa crudo de las islas fue hecho en 1684 por el bucanero Ambrose Cowley, quien nombró las islas individuales por algunos de sus compañeros piratas o por la realeza británica y los nobles. . Estos nombres se usaron en las cartas de navegación autorizadas de las islas preparadas durante la encuesta de Beagle con el capitán Robert FitzRoy, y en el popular libro de Darwin El viaje del beagle. La nueva República del Ecuador tomó las islas de propiedad española en 1832, y posteriormente les dio nombres oficiales en español. [3] Los nombres más antiguos se mantuvieron en uso en publicaciones en inglés, incluidas las Encantadas de 1854 de Herman Melville.

Geología
El volcanismo ha sido continuo en las Islas Galápagos por al menos 20 millones de años, y quizás incluso más. El penacho del manto debajo de la placa de Nazca en movimiento hacia el este (51 km / myr) ha dado lugar a una plataforma de 3 kilómetros de espesor debajo de la cadena de islas y los montes submarinos. Además del archipiélago de Galápagos, otras características tectónicas clave en la región incluyen la Provincia Volcánica del Norte de Galápagos entre el archipiélago y el Centro de Extensión de Galápagos (GSC) a 200 km al norte en el límite de la Placa de Nazca y la Placa de Cocos. Este centro en expansión se trunca en la subida del Pacífico oriental en el oeste y está rodeado por Cocos Ridge y Carnegie Ridge en el este. Además, el hotspot de Galápagos se encuentra en el límite norte de la Provincia de la Velocidad de Alta Cizalla Grande del Pacífico, mientras que el Hotspot de Pascua se encuentra en el límite sur.

El archipiélago de Galápagos se caracteriza por numerosos volcanes contemporáneos, algunos con fuentes de magma de pluma, otros de la astenosfera, posiblemente debido a la corteza oceánica joven y delgada. El GSC causó debilidades estructurales en esta delgada litosfera que llevó a las erupciones que forman la Plataforma Galápagos. Fernandina e Isabela en particular están alineadas a lo largo de estas debilidades. Al carecer de una zona de ruptura bien definida, las islas tienen una alta tasa de inflación antes de la erupción. Sierra Negra en la isla Isabela experimentó una elevación de 240 cm entre 1992 y 1998, la erupción más reciente en 2005, mientras que Fernandina en la isla Fernandina indicó una elevación de 90 cm, la erupción más reciente en 2009. Alcedo en la isla Isabela tuvo una elevación superior a 90 cm, la erupción más reciente en 1993. Las características adicionales del archipiélago de Galápagos son una separación más cercana de los volcanes, tamaños de volcanes más pequeños y calderas más grandes. Por ejemplo, la isla Isabela incluye 6 volcanes principales, Ecuador, Wolf, Darwin, Alcedo, Sierra Negraa y Cerro Azul, con las erupciones más recientes desde 1813 hasta 2008. Las islas vecinas de Santiago y Fernandina hicieron erupción por última vez en 1906 y 2009, respectivamente. En general, los 9 volcanes activos en el archipiélago han entrado en erupción 24 veces entre 1961 y 2011. La forma de estos volcanes es la de un "tazón de sopa volcado" en oposición a la "placa de platillo volcada" de las islas de Hawai. La forma de las Galápagos se debe al patrón de fisura radial y circunferencial, radial en los flancos, pero circunferencial cerca de las cumbres de la caldera. Son las fisuras circunferenciales las que dan lugar a pilas de flujos de lava cortos.

Los volcanes en el extremo oeste del archipiélago son en general, más altos, más jóvenes, tienen calderas bien desarrolladas, y en su mayoría están compuestos de basalto toleiítico, mientras que los del este son más cortos, más viejos, carecen de calderas y tienen una composición más diversa. Las edades de las islas, de oeste a este son 0.05 Ma para Fernandina, 0.65 Ma para Isabela, 1.10 Ma para Santiago, 1.7 Ma para Santa Cruz, 2.90 Ma para Santa Fe y 3.2 Ma para San Cristóbal. Las calderas en Sierra Negra y Alcedo.

Tourism in Papua New Guinea

Tourism in Papua New Guinea is an incipient industry, but there are attractions for the potential visitor that include culture, markets, festivals, diving, surfing, hiking, fishing and unique flora and fauna. Papua New Guinea receives an increasing number of visitors each year, with approximately
184,000 international arrivals in 2015.

History
In April of 1883, James Burns and Robert Philp began a commercial partnership, originally called "Burns Philp & Company Limited". [2] They were the first company to offer tourism to New Guinea, in 1884, announcing the 'Excursion Trip to New Guinea'. [3] This consisted of a five-week trip from the Island of Thursday and has been described as the "official start of tourist cruises in the South Pacific." [4] The company later published a book entitled Picturesque Voyage.

In 1914, the Department of Tourism of Burns Philp was established on advertising tours in Lord Howe and on the island of Norfolk. The acquisition of the Hotel Port Moresby happened the same year, and the Hotel Papua was bought some years later. Burns Philp "maintained a close monopoly on passenger services to Melanesia until the outbreak of the war in the Pacific." [5] In the war, the British government took over part of the Burns Philp fleet and the Macdui ship sank in Port Moresby in 1942 as their first trip as a troop carrier.

Attractions

Culture
Main article: Culture of Papua New Guinea.
The culture of Papua New Guinea is very diverse, as it implies the existence of more than 800 languages ​​in the country. The styles of cultural expression (size, dance, song, ornamentation, architecture and more) vary enormously throughout the country.

Festivals

Festival of Hiri Moale
Public festivals that are open to tourists include the Coffee Festival in Goroka - May, National Mask Festival in Rabaul-July, Monte Hagen Show - August, Goroka Show - September, Hiri Moale Festival in Port Moresby - September, Morobe show in Lae - October, Kundu and Canoe Festival in Alotau - November.

The markets
The markets are a great attraction for tourists. Along with local foods, handicrafts are often on display and can be purchased at reasonable prices. Some of the items on display are traditional carvings and beads, traditional and contemporary paintings on canvas and traditionally woven baskets and serving trays. The larger and more tourism-oriented markets are usually held once a month in the larger cities.

Diving
PNG is possibly one of the best diving destinations in the world, with one of the healthiest coral reef systems on the planet. In addition to a large number of reef sites, there are also numerous ships and aircraft wrecked from World War II, which offer a lot of diving opportunities in shipwrecks. Some of the best places to dive are in West New Britain / Kimbe Bay, Kavieng, Madang, Alotau, Tufi and East New Britain / Rabaul. The capital, Port Moresby, also offers excellent diving.

Many of the dive sites are easily accessible by boat for a day trip, and there are many more remote sites that you can dive from one of the many accommodations that are offered locally.

Surfing
You can surf all year round. The southern side of PNG includes places like Hula Beach (100 km from Port Moresby), Milne Bay, Bougainville and East New Britain, which can be reached from June to September. In the north of the PNG surf season is from mid-October to the end of April. There are excellent surf locations that include Madang, Wewak and Kavieng, with the best and most consistent waves found in Vanimo.

Mountain hiking
The most famous walking trail in Papua New Guinea is Kokoda Track, the site of a famous World War II battle between Australia and Japan. Another popular hike is to climb Mount Wilhelm, the highest mountain in Papua New Guinea. There are many more walking tracks, including the Bulldog and Black Cat tracks.

Security
Many countries have issued travel warnings to their citizens wishing to visit Papua New Guinea, due to their high level of violent crime, the slow response times of the police and the poor record of human rights.

Foreign citizens in Papua New Guinea have become tempting targets for criminals, especially those who visit richer countries are more likely to become victims of violence and crime. Lonely foreign women are generally advised not to travel without an escort in Port Moresby and parts of the Highlands region due to the high risks of unwanted harassment and sexual assault. In general, countries of origin advise travelers to seek updated information on

Tourism in Seychelles

Tourism is the most important non-governmental sector of the economy of Seychelles. Approximately 15 percent of the formal labor force is directly employed in tourism, and employment in construction, banking, transportation and other activities is closely linked to the tourism industry. Tourists enjoy the coral beaches of Seychelles and the opportunities for water sports. The wildlife in the archipelago is also a major attraction.

History
The tourism industry was born with the completion of the Seychelles International Airport in 1971, rapidly advancing to a level of 77,400 arrivals in 1979. After declining in the early 1980s, growth was restored by introducing casinos, vigorous and more competitive advertising campaigns After a decline to 90,050 in 1991 due to the Persian Gulf War, the number of visitors increased to more than 116,000 in 1993. In 1991, France was the main source of tourists, followed by the United Kingdom, Germany, Italy and South Africa. Europe provided 80 percent of the total tourists and Africa, mostly South Africa and Reunion, most of the rest. European tourists are considered the most lucrative in terms of length of stay and expenditure per capita.

Under the 1990-94 development plan, which emphasizes that the growth of tourism should not be at the expense of the environment, the number of beds on the islands of Mahé, Praslin and La Digue should be limited to 4,000. The increase in total capacity will be achieved by developing the outer islands. To avoid future threats to the natural attractions of the islands, 150,000 tourists per year are considered the maximum ceiling. The higher cost of accommodation and travel, deficiencies in services and maintenance of facilities, and a limited range of detours, harm Seychelles to attract tourists at the expense of other Indian Ocean tourist destinations

Statistics
The direct contribution of the tourism sector to GDP was estimated at 50 percent, and provides about 70 percent of total foreign exchange earnings. Although it is difficult to measure, the import content of tourism expenditures is high, so net tourism revenues are significantly lower. [2] In 2000 there were 130,046 tourist arrivals, including more than 104,000 from Europe. In the same year, Seychelles had 2,479 hotel rooms with 5,010 full beds up to 52% capacity. The income of tourists was US $ 112 million in 1999. In 2002, the US Department of State. UU He estimated the average daily cost of staying in Seychelles at $ 246 per day. According to the National Bureau of Statistics, 230,272 tourists visited Seychelles in 2013 compared to 208,034 in 2012