About Deep sea

It has already been found that many of the terrestrial areas have not yet been touched by humans. So what about the deep oceans that cover 70% of the Earth's surface? Surely it took several centuries to do an in-depth exploration in the deep ocean.

One thing is for sure that there are many things under the depth of the ocean that can provide valuable information to humanity. It can be about ancient civilizations, land formation or mysterious creatures. The Mariana trench in the Guam region of the Pacific Ocean is the deepest point on Earth with a depth of 11,034 meters. The exploration of this unique point in the Pacific Ocean becomes too difficult for scientists, so the complete exploration of the ocean will surely become a dream for humanity.The deep sea or the deep layer is the lowest layer of the ocean, which exists under the thermocline and on the seabed, at a depth of 1000 fathoms (1800 m) or more. Little or no light penetrates this part of the ocean, and most of the organisms that live there depend on the fall of the organic matter produced in the photic zone. For this reason, scientists once assumed that life would be scarce in the deep ocean, but virtually every probe has revealed that, on the contrary, life is abundant in the deep ocean.

From the time of Pliny until the end of the 19th century ... humans believed that there was no life in the depths. He took a historical expedition on the Challenger ship between 1872 and 1876 to prove that Pliny was wrong; their dredging and deep-water trawls raised living creatures from all the depths that could be reached. However, even in the twentieth century, scientists continued to imagine that life at great depth was insubstantial, or in some way inconsequential. They thought that the eternal darkness, the almost inconceivable pressure and the extreme cold that exists less than a thousand meters away were so prohibitive that life almost died out. In fact, the opposite is true ... (Below 200 meters) is the largest habitat on Earth. [two]

In 1960, Bathyscaphe Trieste descended to the bottom of the Mariana Trench near Guam, at 10,911 m (35,797 ft, 6,780 mi), the deepest known place in any ocean. If Mount Everest (8,848 meters) was submerged there, its peak would be more than a mile below the surface. The Trieste retired, and for a time, the Japanese remote operated vehicle (ROV) Kaikō was the only boat capable of reaching this depth. It was lost at sea in 2003. In May and June 2009, the Nereus hybrid-ROV (HROV) returned to Challenger Deep for a series of three dives at depths greater than 10,900 meters.

It has been suggested that more is known about the Moon than in the deepest parts of the ocean. [2] Little was known about the extent of life in the deep ocean floor until the discovery of prosperous colonies of shrimp and other organisms around hydrothermal vents in the late 1970s. Before the discovery of submarine vents, it had been accepted that almost all life on earth obtained its energy (in one way or another) from the sun. The new discoveries revealed groups of creatures that obtained nutrients and energy directly from thermal sources and chemical reactions associated with changes in mineral deposits. These organisms thrive in completely unenlightened and anaerobic environments in highly saline water that can reach 300 ° F (150 ° C), extracting their sustenance from hydrogen sulfide, which is highly toxic to almost all terrestrial life. The revolutionary discovery that life can exist in these extreme conditions changed the opinions about the possibilities of life in other parts of the universe. Scientists now speculate that Europe, one of Jupiter's moons, can sustain life beneath its icy surface, where there is evidence [3] of a global ocean of liquid water